Composition of weight gain in Nellore steers at different levels of feed intake
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17523/bia.2019.v76.e1461Palabras clave:
Beef cattle, Bos taurus indicus, digestibility, feedlot, feed efficiencyResumen
Thirty six Nellore steers, with an average initial age and weight of 20 months and 360 kg, were fed the same diet in three levels of dry matter intake: ad libitum or in two quantitative restriction levels 75g DM/kg BW0.75 or 60g DM/kg BW0.75 during 58 days (Phase 1) to evaluate the effects of feed restriction on performance and composition of weight gain in restriction and re-alimentation phases. All steers were fed ad libitum for 78 days (Phase 2). Body composition was estimated with the marker deuterium oxide, which allowed repeated measurements of the same animal and to study of its response to re-alimentation. Average daily gain in restriction phase reflected different weight gain rates provided by feed levels, being them 0.288 kg, 0.656 kg and 1.169 kg, respectively for 60g DM/ BW0.75, 75g DM/ BW0.75 and ad libitum. Feed efficiency raised according to level of feed intake in Phase 1 and no differences between treatments were observed in Phase 2. Dry matter digestibility did not differ between treatments in both Phase 1 and Phase 2, but was different between Phases for the same treatment with 78.8% in Phase 1 and 68.7% in Phase 2 for the treatment 60 g DM/BW0.75 and 77.8% in Phase 1 and 71.3% in Phase 2 for treatment 75 g DM/BW0.75. The empty weight gain, the daily deposition of water, ether extract, protein, ash and energy had an increase in their deposition according to the elevation of the level of feed intake in Phase 1. In Phase 2 there was no difference between the levels of diet intake for empty weight gain, chemical components deposition and retained energy in the gain. A short period of quantitative feed restriction imposed to Nellore steers could be used in beef cattle production system.
Descargas
Referencias
ALLEN, D. Planned beef production and marketing. London, England: St. Edmundsbury Press, 1990.
ALVES, D.D. Crescimento compensatório em bovinos de corte Revista Portuguesa de Ciências Veterinárias, v.98, p.61-67, 2003.
ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS [AOAC]. Official method of analysis of the association of analytical chemists. 17th rev. ed., Washington, DC: Association of the Analytical Chemists, 2000.
CLAUSS, M.; HUMMEL, J. Physiological adaptations of ruminants and their potential relevance for production systems. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.46, p.606-613, 2017.
COLEMAN, M.L.; SHEPERD, T.J.; DURHAM, J.J.; ROUSE, J.E.; MOORE, G.R. Reduction of water with zinc for hydrogen isotope analysis. Analytical Chemistry, v.54, p.993-995, 1982.
CUNNINGHAM, H.C.; CAMMACK, K.M.; HALES, K.E.; FREETLY, H.C.; LINDHOLM-PERRY, A.K. Differential transcript abundance in adipose tissue of mature beef cows during feed restriction and realimentation. Plos One, p.1-8, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194104
DURUNNA, O.N.; MUJIBI, F.D.N.; GOONEWARDENE, L.; OKINE, E.K., BASARAB, J.A., WANG, Z., MOORE, S.S. Feed efficiency differences and reranking in beef steers fed grower and finisher diets. Journal of Animal Science, v.89, p.158-167, 2011.
ELLENBERGER, M.A.; JOHNSON, D.E.; CARSTENS, G.E.; HOSSNER, K.L.; HOLLAND, M.D.; NETT, T.M.; NOCKELS, C.F. Endocrine and metabolic changes during altered growth rates in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, v.67, p.1446-1454, 1989.
FIEMS, L.O.; BOEVER, J.L.; AMPE, B.; VANACKER, J.M.; CAMPENEERE, S.; SONCK, B. Effect of energy restriction and dietary protein level during the re-alimentation period on feed efficiency in double-muscled Belgian Blue cows. Livestock Science, v.174, p.46-52, 2015.
FREITAS, J.A.; QUEIROZ, A.C.; DUTRA, A.R.; JORGE, A.M.; ESTRADA, L.H.C.; MARTINS, M.R. Composição do ganho e exigências de energia e proteína para ganho de peso em bovinos Nelore puros e mestiços. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.35, p.886-893, 2006.
FONTES, C.A.A.; GUIMARÃES, R.F.M.; ALMEIDA, M.I.V.; CAMPOS, O.F.; ALMEIDA, F.Q.; SANT’ANA, N.F. Avaliação do ganho compensatório em novilhos mestiços Holandês-Gir: consumo e desempenho. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.36, p.698-708, 2007.
GREENWOOD, P.; CLAYTON, E.; BELL, A. Developmental programming and beef production. Animal Frontiers, v.7, p.38-47, 2017. DOI: 10.2527/af.2017-0127
HAYDEN, J.M.; WILLIAMS, J.E.; COLLIER, R.J. Plasma growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, insulin, and thyroid hormone association with body protein and fat accretion in steers undergoing compensatory gain after dietary energy restriction. Journal of Animal Science, v.71, p.3327-3338, 1993.
HERSOM, M.J.; KREHBIEL, C.R.; HORN, G.W.; KIRKPATRICK, J.G. Effect of the live weight gain of steers during winter grazing on digestibily, acid-base balance, blood flow, and oxygen consumption by splanchnic tissues during adaptation and subsequent feeding of a high-grain diet. Journal of Animal Science, v.81, p.3130-3140, 2003.
KENNY, D.A.; FITZSIMONS, C.; WATERS, S.M.; MCGEE, M. Invited review: Improving feed efficiency of beef cattle – the current state of the art and future challenges. Animal, v.12, p.1815–1826, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731118000976
KEOGH, K.; KENNY, D.A.; CORMICAN, P.; KELLY, A.K.; WATERS, S.M. Effect of dietary restriction and subsequent re-alimentation on the transcriptional profile of hepatic tissue in cattle. BMC Genomics, v.17, p.240-244, 2016. DOI 10.1186/s12864-016-2578-5
KEOGH, K.; WATERS, S.M.; CORMICAN, P.; KELLY, A.K.; O'SHEA, E.; KENNY, D.A. Effect of dietary restriction and subsequent re-alimentation on the transcriptional profile of bovine ruminal epithelium. PLoS ONE, v.12, p.e0177852, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177852
KEOGH, K.; WATERS, S.M.; KELLY, A.K.; KENNY, D.A. Feed restriction and subsequent re-alimentation in Holstein Friesian bulls: I. Effect on animal performance; muscle, fat, and linear body measurements; and slaughter characteristics. Journal of Animal Science, v.93, p.3578–3589, 2015. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-8470
LEME, P.R. Estimativa da composição química corporal de novilhos Nelore através do espaço de deutério. 1993. 78f. Tese (Doutorado) – Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, 1993.
LEME, P.R.; BOIN, C.; ALLEONI, G.F.; MATSUI, E., SCHAMMASS, E.A., VIEIRA, P.F., LANNA, D.P.D. Estimativa da composição corporal de novilhos Nelore através do espaço de deutério. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.23, p.441-452, 1994.
LOPES, R.B.; CANOZZI, M.E.A.; CANELLAS, L.C.; GONZALEZ, F.A.L.; CORRÊA, R.F.; PEREIRA, P.R.R.X.; BARCELLOS, J.O.J. Bioeconomic simulation of compensatory growth in beef cattle production systems. Livestock Science, v.216, p.165-173, 2018.
MANNI, K.; JOKI-TOKOLA, E.; HUUSKONEN, A. Effects of different restricted feeding strategies on performance of growing and finishing dairy bulls offered grass silage and barley based diets. Agricultural and Food Science, v.26, p.91-101, 2017.
MILLEN, D.D.; PACHECO, R.D.L.; ARRIGONI, M.D.B.; GALYEAN, M.L., VASCONCELOS, J.T. A snapshot of management practices and nutritional recommendations used by feedlot nutritionists in Brazil. Journal of Animal Science, v.87, p.3427-3439, 2009.
NKRUMAH, J.D.; OKINE, E.K.; MATHISON, G.W.; SCHMID, K.; LI, C.; BASARAB, J.A.; PRICE, M.A.; WANG, Z.; MOORE, S.S. Relationships of feedlot feed efficiency, performance, and feeding behavior with metabolic rate, methane production, and energy partitioning in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, v.84, p.145-153, 2006.
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL [NRC]. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, 7ed., National Academy Press, Washington, USA. 1996. 242p.
O’SHEA, E.; WATERS, S.M.; KEOGH, K.; KELLY, A.K.; KENNY; D.A. Examination of the molecular control of ruminal epithelial function in response to dietary restriction and subsequent compensatory growth in cattle. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, v.7, p.53-65, 2016. DOI 10.1186/s40104-016-0114-8
REIS, B.Q.; PEREIRA, M.C.; SANTI, P.F.; SQUIZATTI, M.M.; DONDÉ, S.C.; FERREIRA, M.M.; OLIVEIRA, L.F.; MILLEN, D.D. Rumen morphometrics of Nellore cattle submitted to either nutritional restriction or intake of concentrate feedstuffs prior to adaptation period. Journal of Animal Science, v.95, p.301, suppl.4, 2017. https://doi.org/10.2527/asasann.2017.615
TOLLA, N.; MIRKENA, T.; YIMEGNUHAL, A. Effect of feed restrition on compensatory growth of Arsi (Bos indicus) bulls. Animal Feed Science and Technology, v.103, p.29-39, 2003.
SAINZ, R.D.; DE LA TORRE, F.; OLTJEN, J.W. Compensatory growth and carcass quality in growth-restricted and refed beef steers. Journal of Animal Science, v.73, p.2971-2979, 1995.
VAZ, F.N.; RESTLE J. Ganho de peso antes e após os sete meses no desenvolvimento e nas características de carcaça e carne de novilhos Charolês abatidos aos dois anos. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.32, p.699-708, 2003.
WRIGHT, I.A.; RUSSEL, A.J.F. Changes in the body composition of beef cattle during compensatory growth. Animal Production, v.52, p.105-113, 1991.
ZANTON, G.I.; HEINRICHS, A.J. Efficiency and rumen responses in younger and older Holstein heifers limit-fed diets of differing energy density. Journal of Dairy Science, v.99, p.2825–2836, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-10316
ZHANG, J.; SHI, H.; WANG, Y.; LI, S.; ZHANG, H.; CAO, Z.; YANG, K. Effects of limit-feeding diets with different forage to concentrate ratios on nutrient intake, rumination, ruminal fermentation, digestibility, blood parameters and growth in Holstein heifers. Animal Science Journal, v.89, p.527–536, 2018. DOI:10.1111/asj.12959
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Os autores não serão remunerados pela publicação de trabalhos, pois devem abrir mão de seus direitos autorais em favor deste periódico. Por outro lado, os autores ficam autorizados a publicar seus artigos, simultaneamente, em repositórios da instituição de sua origem, desde que citada a fonte da publicação original seja Boletim de Indústria Animal. A revista se reserva o direito de efetuar, nos originais, alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da língua e a credibilidade do veículo. Respeitará, no entanto, o estilo de escrever dos autores. Alterações, correções ou sugestões de ordem conceitual serão encaminhadas aos autores, quando necessário. Nesses casos, os artigos, depois de adequados, deverão ser submetidos a nova apreciação. As opiniões emitidas pelos autores dos artigos são de sua exclusiva responsabilidade. Todo o conteúdo deste periódico, exceto onde está identificado, está licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY-NC). A condição BY implica que os licenciados podem copiar, distribuir, exibir e executar a obra e fazer trabalhos derivados com base em que só se dão o autor ou licenciante os créditos na forma especificada por estes. A cláusula NC significa que os licenciados podem copiar, distribuir, exibir e executar a obra e fazer trabalhos derivados com base apenas para fins não comerciais.
